Genomic insights revealed the environmental adaptability of Planococcus halotolerans Y50 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Tibetan Plateau niche provides unprecedented opportunities to find microbes that are functional and commercial significance. The present study investigated the physiological and genomic characteristics of Planococcus halotolerans Y50 that was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated soil sample from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it displayed psychrotolerant, antiradiation, and oil-degraded characteristics. Whole genome sequencing indicated that strain Y50 has a 3.52 Mb genome and 44.7% G + C content, and it possesses 3377 CDSs. The presence of a wide range of UV damage repair genes uvrX and uvsE, DNA repair genes radA and recN, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin and dioxygenase genes provided the genomic basis for the adaptation of the plateau environment polluted by petroleum. Related experiments also verified that the Y50 strain could degrade n-alkanes from C11-C23, and approximately 30% of the total petroleum at 25 °C within 7 days. Meanwhile, strain Y50 could withstand 5 × 103 J/m2 UVC and 10 KGy gamma ray radiation, and it had strong antioxidant and high radical scavengers for superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and DPPH. In addition, pan-genome analysis and horizontal gene transfers revealed that strains with different niches have obtained various genes through horizontal gene transfer in the process of evolution, and the more similar their geographical locations, the more similar their members are genetically and ecologically. In conclusion, P. halotolerans Y50 possesses high potential of applications in the bioremediation of alpine hydrocarbons contaminated environment.

Bioprospecting potentials of moderately halophilic bacteria and the isolation of squalene producers from Kuwait sabkha.

Sabkhas in Kuwait are unique hypersaline marine environments under-explored for bacterial community composition and bioprospecting. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 46 isolates with distinct morphology from two Kuwait sabkhas recovered 11 genera. Phylum Firmicutes dominated these isolates, and Bacillus (32.6%) was recovered as the dominant genera, followed by Halococcus (17.4%). These isolates were moderately halophilic, and some of them showed tolerance and growth at extreme levels of salt (20%), pH (5 and/or 11), and temperature (55 °C). A higher percentage of isolates harbored protease (63.0), followed by DNase (41.3), amylase (41.3), and lipase (32.6). Selected isolates showed antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and isolated Halomonas shengliensis, and Idiomarina piscisalsi harbored gene coding for dNDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase (Glu 1), indicating their potential to produce biomolecules with deoxysugar moieties. Palmitic acid or oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid, and seven isolates had some polyunsaturated fatty acids (linolenic or γ-linolenic acid). Interestingly, six isolates belonging to Planococcus and Oceanobacillus genus produced squalene, a bioactive isoprenoid molecule. Their content increased 30-50% in the presence of Terbinafine. The potential bioactivities and extreme growth conditions make this untapped bacterial diversity a promising candidate for future bioprospecting studies.

Indiicoccus explosivorum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an explosives waste contaminated site.

A pink-pigmented, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, designated as S5-TSA-19T, was isolated from an explosives contaminated site in Panchkula, Haryana, India. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing blast analysis indicated that the strain is a member of the family Planococcaceae with the highest sequence similarity to Planomicrobium soli XN13T (96.1 %), followed by Planococcus maitriensis S1T (95.6 %), Planococcus plakortidis DSM 23997T (95.6 %), Planomicrobium flavidum ISL-41T (95.6 %), Planococcus rifietoensis M8T (95.5 %), Planococcus salinus LCB217T (95.5 %) and Planococcus maritimus DSM 17275T (95.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences (based on a conserved set of 400 proteins) retrieved the strain in a distinct branch indicating a separate lineage within the family Planococcaceae. Strain S5-TSA-19T had a distinctive chemotaxonomic pattern comprising A4α type peptidoglycan based on l-Lys-d-Asp, iso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, absence of phosphatidylethanolamine as a major lipid and MK-7 and MK-6 as the major menaquinones, differentiating it from the genera Planococcus and Planomicrobium, thus supporting the findings of molecular phylogeny. Further, strain S5-TSA-19T was able to biotransform hexahydro-1,3,5,-trinitro-1,2,5-triazine (RDX) into nitrite derivatives under aerobic conditions in 2-4 days, whereas the closest reference strains did not possess this property. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic characterization and a phylogenomics approach, strain S5-TSA-19T is proposed as the type strain of a novel species in a novel genus for which the name Indiicoccus explosivorum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (=JCM 31737T=KCTC 33871T=MTCC 12608T).

When treated as heterotypic synonyms the names Caryophanaceae Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and Caryophanales Peshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) have priority over the names Planococcaceae Krasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980) and Bacillales Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), respectively.

The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes provides rules that govern the way names are to be selected based on priority of valid publication when two or more alternatives (synonyms) are available. However, these rules are not always followed. In the case of the name CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980), when its nomenclatural type CaryophanonPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) is placed in the same taxon as PlanococcusMigula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980), the nomenclatural type of PlanococcaceaeKrasil'nikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980), then the two are considered to be heterotypic synonyms and the name which has priority is CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980). Similarly in the case of the name CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) when its nomenclatural type CaryophanonPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) is placed in the same taxon as Bacillus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980), the nomenclatural type of BacillalesPrévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980), then the two are considered to be heterotypic synonyms and the name which has priority is CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) While the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes are unambiguous in determining the correct names despite the fact that the names CaryophanaceaePeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) and CaryophanalesPeshkoff 1939 (Approved Lists 1980) are rarely used.

Filibacter tadaridae sp. nov., isolated from within a guano pile from a colony of Mexican free-tailed bats Tadarida brasiliensis.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, TB-66T, was isolated from a pile of bat guano in a cave of New Mexico, USA. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain TB-66Tgrouped together with Filibacter limicola showing a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.5 % to the type strain. The quinone system of strain TB-66T consisted predominantly of menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and three unidentified phospholipids. The peptidoglycan type was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu (A11.33). The major fatty acids were C15 : 0 anteiso, C16 : 0, and C16 : 1 ω7c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.6 (±1.8) mol%. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic properties it is clear that strain TB-66T represents a member of the genus Filibacter, but is distinct from the only other species in the genus, Filibacter limicola DSM 13886T. We propose a novel species with the name Filibacter tadaridae sp. nov. The type strain is TB-66T (= CIP 111629T= LMG 30660T= CCM 8866T).

Planomicrobium iranicum sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from a hypersaline wetland.

A novel strain, designated as MX6T was isolated from Meighan wetland, in the centre of Iran. The cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile, coccoid to rod-shaped, oxidase- and catalase-positive. The strain grew optimally at 35 °C, 3 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7-7.5. A polyphasic taxonomic study was undertaken in order to characterize the strain in detail. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that MX6T represented a member of the phylum Firmicutes, family Planococcaceae, genus Planomicrobium, and showed the highest similarity with Planomicrobium flavidum ISL-41T (98.2 %) and Planomicrobium psychrophilum CMC 53orT (98.0 %). The main polar lipids of MX6T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and seven unidentified phospholipids and its DNA G+C content was 45.5 mol%. Major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c alcohol, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 and the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8 (62 %). Experimental DNA-DNA hybridization between MX6T and Planomicrobium flavidum IBRC-M 11047T was 20 %, supporting the differential taxonomic status of MX6T as representing a different taxon. All these data indicate that MX6T represents a novel species of the genus Planomicrobium, for which the name Planomicrobium iranicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MX6T (=IBRC M 10928T=LMG 28548T).

Highly selective resolution of racemic 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol by a novel strain Kurthia gibsonii SC0312.

Chiral 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (PED) performs vital effect for the preparation of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and cosmetics. In the study, a newly isolated strain Kurthia gibsoniiSC0312 with the ability to selectively oxidize racemic PED to achieve (S)-PED was evaluated in the aqueous reaction system. The strain showed excellent catalytic performances within the range of pH 5·5-8·5, temperature 25-45°C and the amount of cell 15 mg ml-1 to 30 mg ml-1 . Besides, 2-hydroxyacetophenone (HAP) as the oxidation product displayed a stronger inhibition to the catalytic activity of cell, only remaining <63% of catalytic activity after incubation at 40 mmol l-1 HAP for 6 h. For various metal ions, Cu2+ can obviously improve 1·7 times of the catalytic activity of cell at the concentration of 0·2 mmol l-1 . Acetone can stimulate the catalytic capacity of cell to improve the optical purity of (S)-PED at the PED concentration of 80 mmol l-1 , up to appropriately 94% from 85·4%; compared to the resting cell, growing cell exerted no positive effect in the yield and optical purity. Finally, a highly effective kinetic resolution system of racemic PED by the new strain was obtained, with the (S)-PED yield of 41% and optical purity of 94%. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Biocatalyst is a vital component in the process of biotransformation. There are a growing number of studies of biocatalyst reporting the preparation of enantiomer of 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol. And the performance of this preparation reaction is also gradually improving. This study is the first to demonstrate that Kurthia gibsonii can efficiently and selectively oxidize racemic 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, and we assess the effect of various factors on the catalytic performance of the strain. The work adds to a growing body of evidence for using biocatalytic method in the synthesis of chiral 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol and provides a probable approach to mine excellent properties of enzymes.

Jeotgalibacillus proteolyticus sp. nov., a protease-producing bacterium isolated from ocean sediments.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacterial strain, 22-7T, was isolated from ocean sediment of Laizhou Bay, China, and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth was observed at 33 °C on a 2216E agar plate of pH 7.5 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences identified it as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, most similar to Jeotgalibacillus campisalis SF-57T (98.7 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillus marinus DSM 1297T (98.2 %) and Jeotgalibacillus soli P9T (97.1 %). Average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were less than 74.2 and 18.1 %, respectively, between strain 22-7T and the type strains of closely related species. The major polar lipids were aminophospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol; the major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0; and the major menaquinone was MK-7. The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A1α linked through l-lysine as the diamino acid. Combined data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characterizations demonstrated that strain 22-7T represents a novel Jeotgalibacillus species, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus proteolyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 22-7T(=MCCC 1H00228T=KCTC 33930T).

Bhargavaea changchunensis sp. nov. isolated from soil in China.

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped (201802YP6T) bacteria was isolated from soil, Northeast of China. Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-2% NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbors of strain 201802YP6T were identified as Bhargavaea cecembensis DSE10T (99.52%), Bhargavaea beijingensis ge10T (99.45%), Bhargavaea indica KJW98T (99.45%), Bhargavaea ullalensis ZMA19T (98.81%), and Bhargavaea ginsengi ge14T (98.76%). Levels of similarity among strain 201802YP6T and other Bhargavaea species were lower than 98.76%. GyrB amino acid sequence-based analysis supported the phylogenetic position and also distinguished strain 201802YP6T from the other species of the genus Bhargavaea. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 201802YP6T and B. cecembensis, B. beijingensis, B. indica, B. ullalensis, B. ginsengi were 43.5%, 43%, 32.5%, 30.5% and 20.4%, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain 201802YP6T was 51.23 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the draft genome was 87.04% to B. cecembensis DSE10T. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidyllipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (39.91%), anteiso-C15:0 (28.86%), anteiso-C17:0 (6.30%) and C16:0 (6.13%). On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain 201802YP6T represents a novel species of the genus Bhargavaea, for which the name Bhargavaea changchunensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 201802YP6T (= CGMCC 1.13508T = KCTC 33975T).

Chryseomicrobium excrementi sp. nov., a Gram-stain-positive rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an earthworm (Eisenia fetida) cast.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, slightly halotolerant, nitrate-reducing bacterial strain, designated ET03T, was isolated from the cast of an earthworm (Eisenia fetida) reared at the Centre of Floriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of North Bengal at Siliguri, West Bengal, India. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, the closest relative of strain ET03T was Chryseomicrobium palamuruense PU1T (99.1 % similarity). The DNA G+C content of strain ET03T was 42.9 mol%. Strain ET03T contained menaquinone-8 as the most predominant menaquinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and phosphatidylglycerol as the main polar lipids. The diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c alcohol and iso-C16 : 0. Other biochemical and physiological analyses supported genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain ET03T from its nearest taxonomic neighbours: Chryseomicrobium palamuruense,Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum, Chryseomicrobium imtechense, Chryseomicrobium aureum and Chryseomicrobium deserti. The draft genome of strain ET03T consisted of 2.64 Mb distributed in 14 scaffolds (N50 894072). A total of 2728 genes were predicted and, of those, 2664 were protein-coding genes including genes involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl and several aromatic compounds. The isolate, therefore, represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseomicrobium excrementi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ET03T (=KCTC 33943T=LMG 30119T=JCM 32415T).

Characterization of Solibacillus silvestris strain AM1 that produces amyloid bioemulsifier.

Solibacillus silvestris AM1 was the first strain from the genus to be reported for the production of a functional amyloid and its potential use as a surface active agent, a thermostable glycoprotein amyloid bioemulsifier BE-AM1 capable of influencing environment and biofilm formation. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, molecular characterization studies on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that S. silvestris AM1 as a strain matches with the type strain S. silvestris HR3-23. But strain AM1 differs from the type strain HR3-23 in carbon substrate utilization studies along with amyloid bioemulsifier production ability with potential industrial and environmental applications. S. silvestris AM1 exhibited bioemulsifier production at wide range of factors like pH and NaCl concentrations, while temperature influenced the bioemulsifier production indirectly (since it affected the growth). Bioemulsifier production was observed even at oligotrophic conditions (0.5 mg ml-1 ) seen usually in its native environment. In this study, we have characterized the amyloid producing S. silvestris AM1 taxonomically and also analyzed 16S rDNA of 103 sequences of Solibacillus sp. available, which indicated the possibility of new species in this genus and can be studied for industrially and environmentally important biomolecules.

Kurthia ruminicola sp. nov., isolated from the rumen contents of a Holstein cow.

Gram-staining-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as H31022T and H31024 was isolated from rumen contents of a Holstein cow. Optimum growth occurred at 25°C and pH 7.0 on R2A agar medium. Oxidase and catalase activities are positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,452 bp) of the new isolates revealed they belong to the genus Kurthia of the phylum Firmicutes. Highest gene sequence similarities were assessed to be with Kurthia massiliensis JC30T (98.4%), Kurthia senegalensis JC8ET (97.5%), and Kurthia populi 10y-14T (97.4%). Kurthia sibirica DSM 4747T (97.3%), Kurthia zopfii NBRC 101529T (97.0%), and Kurthia gibsonii NCIMB 9758T (96.7%). DNA G + C content of strains H31022T and H31024 were 34.4% and 39.7%. Strains H31022T and H31024 has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics; the major fatty acids are iso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15; polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unknown aminophospholipids (APL), unknown glycolipids (GL), unknown phospholipids (PL), and unknown polar lipids (L); the major quinone is MK-7. Based on polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains H31022T (= KCTC 33923T = JCM 19640T) and H31024 (= KCTC 33924T = JCM 19641T) identified a novel species in the genus Kurthia for which the name Kurthia ruminicola sp. nov. is proposed.

Chryseomicrobium deserti sp. nov., isolated from desert soil in South Korea.

A Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (THG-T1.18T) was isolated from desert soil. Growth occurred at 20-35 °C (optimum 28-30 °C), at pH 5-7 (optimum 7) and at 0-4 % NaCl (optimum 0-1 %). Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-T1.18T were identified as Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum DSM 23442T (96.6 %), Chryseomicrobium imtechense JCM 16573T (96.3 %) and Chryseomicrobium aureum KACC 17219T (96.1 %). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The quinone system was composed of MK-7, MK-8 and MK-6. The major fatty acids were iso C15 : 0 and anteiso C15 : 0. The type of peptidoglycan was A4ß, containing of l-Orn-D-Glu. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-T1.18T was 50.4 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-T1.18T and C. amylolyticum DSM 23442T, C. imtechense JCM 16573T, C. aureum KACC 17219T were 24.7 % (20.1 % reciprocal analysis), 19.5 % (16.1 %) and 10.4 % (6.7 %) respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-T1.18T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium, for which the name Chryseomicrobium deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-T1.18T (=KACC 18929T=CCTCC AB 2016179T).

Solibacillus kalamii sp. nov., isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter system used in the International Space Station.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated ISSFR-015T, was isolated from a high-efficiency particulate arrestance filter in the International Space Station and was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. A comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1494 bp) of strain ISSFR-015T showed highest similarity to Solibacillus isronensis B3W22T (98.9 %), followed by Solibacillus silvestris HR3-23T (98.6 %) and Bacillus cecembensis PN5T (96.7 %). DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the DNA relatedness values of strain ISSFR-015T with other closely related species were in the range of 41-47 % [S. silvestrisMTCC 10789T (47 %), S. isronensis MTCC 7902T (41 %) and B. cecembensis MTCC 9127T (43 %)]. The DNA G+C content of strain ISSFR-015T was 45.4 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (45.2 %) and C17 : 1ω10c (12.1 %). The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and one unknown phospholipid. The isoprenoid quinones present in strain ISSFR-015T were MK-7 (86.8 %), MK-6 (11.6 %) and MK-8 (1.0 %). The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, strain ISSFR-015T belongs to the genus Solibacillus. The polyphasic taxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization values, and the chemotaxonomic analysis confirmed that strain ISSFR-015T represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus kalamii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this proposed species is ISSFR-015T (=NRRL B-65388T=DSM 101595T).

Description of Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov., isolated from a solar salt pan, and Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. nov., a name to replace 'Jeotgalibacillus soli' Chen et al. 2010.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain JC303T) isolated from a salt pan was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as a member of the genus Jeotgalibacillus. It was related most closely to Jeotgalibacillus salarius ASL-1T (99.1 % similarity), Jeotgalibacillusalimentarius YKJ-13T (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillussoli JSM 081008 (97.9 %), Jeotgalibacillusmalaysiensis D5T (97.8 %), Jeotgalibacillusmarinus DSM 1297T (96.3 %), Jeotgalibacilluscampisalis SF-57T (96.1 %) and J. soli P9T (94.9 %). Genomic relatedness based on DNA-DNA hybridization of strain JC303T with the type strains of the closest related species was less than 40 %. Diphosphatidylglycerol, three aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminoglycolipid, two unidentified phospholipids and an unidentified lipid were the polar lipids of strain JC303T. Major (>10 %) fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. Cell-wall amino acids contained peptidoglycan with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. Strain JC303T contained MK-7 as the predominant (96 %) menaquinone with the presence of a significant amount (4 %) of MK-8. The DNA G+C content was 43 mol%. On the basis of morphological, physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain JC303T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC303T (=KCTC 33662T=LMG 28756T). In addition, we propose to rename J. soli (Chen et al., 2010), an illegitimate homonym of the validly published name Jeotgalibacillus soli(Cunha et al., 2012) as Jeotgalibacillus terrae sp. nov. with type strain JSM 081008T (=DSM 22174T=KCTC 13528T).

Characterization of the mechanism of prolonged adaptation to osmotic stress of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis via genome and transcriptome sequencing analyses.

Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis, a moderate halophilic bacterium isolated from a pelagic area, can endure higher concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) than other Jeotgalibacillus type strains. In this study, we therefore chose to sequence and assemble the entire J. malaysiensis genome. This is the first report to provide a detailed analysis of the genomic features of J. malaysiensis, and to perform genetic comparisons between this microorganism and other halophiles. J. malaysiensis encodes a native megaplasmid (pJeoMA), which is greater than 600 kilobases in size, that is absent from other sequenced species of Jeotgalibacillus. Subsequently, RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was utilised to examine adaptations of J. malaysiensis to osmotic stress. Specifically, the eggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) databases were used to elucidate the overall effects of osmotic stress on the organism. Generally, saline stress significantly affected carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism, as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings also indicate that J. malaysiensis adopted a combination of approaches, including the uptake or synthesis of osmoprotectants, for surviving salt stress. Among these, proline synthesis appeared to be the preferred method for withstanding prolonged osmotic stress in J. malaysiensis.

Chryseomicrobium palamuruense sp. nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a sediment sample.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T).

Reclassification of Bacillus isronensisShivaji et al. 2009 as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. and emended description of genus Solibacillus Krishnamurthi et al. 2009.

An investigation into the taxonomic position of Bacillus isronensis MTCC 7902T revealed that the strain shares a common phylogenetic lineage with Solibacillus silvestris MTCC 10789T. It displays considerable overlap in phenotypic properties with the genus Solibacillus, including endospore shape and position, oxidase and catalase activities, presence of iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c alcohol and iso-C17 : 1ω7c as major cellular fatty acids, A4α-type cell-wall peptidoglycan, polar lipids and menaquinone pattern. These features reinforce the findings of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrB gene and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences and, in line with the recommendations of Kämpfer et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56 (2006), 781-786], provide justification for the transfer of Bacillus isronensis from the genus Bacillus to Solibacillus as Solibacillus isronensis comb. nov. The type strain is B3W22T ( = MTCC 7902T = DSM 21046T = JCM 13838T). An emended description of the genus Solibacillus is also provided.

Savagea faecisuis gen. nov., sp. nov., a tylosin- and tetracycline-resistant bacterium isolated from a swine-manure storage pit.

A polyphasic taxonomic study using morphological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and molecular methods was performed on three strains of a Gram-stain positive, non-sporeforming, motile aerobic rod-shaped bacterium resistant to tylosin and tetracycline isolated from a swine-manure storage pit. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, it was confirmed that these isolates are highly related to each other and form a hitherto unknown lineage within the Planococcaceae. In particular, pairwise analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that the novel organism is closely related to members of the genus Sporosarcina (92.8-94.5 %), Pyschrobacillus (93.5-93.9 %) and Paenisporosarcina (93.3-94.5 %). The predominant fatty acids were found to consist of iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:1 ω10c and the G+C mol% was determined to be 41.8. Based on biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that these novel strains be classified as a novel genus and species, Savagea faecisuis gen nov., sp. nov. The type strain is Con12(T) (=CCUG 63563(T) = NRRL B-59945(T) = NBRC 109956(T)).

Isolation of Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. from a sandy beach, and emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus.

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5(T), was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87% similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872(T). DNA-DNA hybridization of strain D5(T) with J. alimentarius JCM 10872(T) demonstrated 26.3% relatedness. The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to L-lysine as the diamino acid. The predominant quinones identified in strain D5(T) were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8.The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5(T) represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain D5(T) = DSM 28777(T) = KCTC33550(T)). An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided.